Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver virulence effectors, including RsNP8 and RsSerp, into host plant cells during infection. These EV-associated proteins enter through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with RsNP8 targeting chloroplasts to suppress plant immunity by inhibiting ROS bursts. These results establish a new framework for cross-kingdom effector delivery by eukaryotic pathogens. Source link
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This study identifies an RFEL1-NPR3 module that regulates wheat resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens. RFEL1 is an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates TaNPR3 and promotes its degradation via the 26S proteasome. Overexpressing RFEL1 or knocking out TaNPR3 confers resistance against yellow rust, powdery mildew, and leaf rust diseases, highlighting the potential of the RFEL1-NPR3 module for the development of broad-spectrum resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens in crops. Source link